Melamine CAS NO.108-78-1

Hubei CuiRan Biotechnology Co., Ltd is a leading company in the research, development, manufacture and marketing of High Quality Phytochemicals and Extracts(especially Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine，Traditional Chinese Medicine), Natural Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients worldwide. From small quantities for R&D or reference standard, to large quantities for customizing or manufacturing, Biopurify emphasizes on consistent and reliable services for his customers. 
With excellent quality products and good service, we have clients from more than dozens countries and regions, and we pride ourselves in providing our customers with a total satisfaction experiences.
We are doing our best to be your reliable partner for high quality Phytochemicals and Reference Standards from china.
 
Our main services:
A. Supply active ingredients and reference standards ofTraditional Chinese Medicine, from mgs to kgs scale.
B. Custom extraction and purification, target Herb Active Ingredients
C. Custom synthesis and semi-synthesis for Natural Active Ingredients
D. CR, CM and PD services from lab scale, pilot scale to commercial scale(GMP is also available)
E.Traditional Chinese Medicine compounds library

1.Provide traditional Chinese medicine reference materials and natural active ingredients;
2.More than 2200 compounds are available for selection, continuously building high-quality natural product libraries for drug research and development;
3.Provide various screening libraries and more inhibitor products;
4.Provide separation and structural determination of natural products;
5.Laboratory scale pilot to commercial scale collaborative research and process development services.More than 180 experiences in phytochemistry (still increasing)
Each product has passed very strict testing (NMR/MS/HPLC)
Agents from many countries

General tips：For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging：1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition：Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Chemical Properties of Melamine

Cas No.	108-78-1
PubChem ID	7955	Appearance	Powder
Formula	C3H6N6	M.Wt	126.12
Type of Compound	Alkaloids	Storage	Desiccate at -20°C
Solubility	Soluble in Chloroform,Dichloromethane,Ethyl Acetate,DMSO,Acetone,etc.
Chemical Name	1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
SMILES	C1(=NC(=NC(=N1)N)N)N
Standard InChIKey	JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI	InChI=1S/C3H6N6/c4-1-7-2(5)9-3(6)8-1/h(H6,4,5,6,7,8,9)
General tips	For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months. Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging	1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. 2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial. 3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition	Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Source of Melamine

Thems synthetic resins with formaldehyde.

Biological Activity of Melamine

Description	Melamine is a widely-used intermediate, mainly employed as a raw material for producing melamine resin and is a chemical most often found in plastic materials.Melamine has nephrotoxic, the combination of melamine and cyanuric acid can cause acute renal failure in cats. The intumescent system additives( filled with ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and melamine) is an effective flame retardant on improving combustion properties for polypropylene.
In vitro	Dynamic. Flame retardancy of polypropylene filled with ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and melamine additives[Reference: WebLink] Polymer, 1998, 39(10):1951-1955. The dynamic flammability properties of an intumescent fire retardant polypropylene filled with ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and Melamine was discussed in this study. METHODS AND RESULTS: To evaluate the flammability properties of the materials, limit oxygen index, smoke emission, tensile strength, and our exploitation ‘dynamic flammability evaluation system’ tests were assessed in experiments. The results showed that the intumescent fire retardant filled polypropylene has superior flammability properties and keeps its mechanical strength. It also can be seen that CO concentration and smoke emission decrease while burning. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that this intumescent system additives is an effective flame retardant on improving combustion properties for polypropylene.
In vivo	Assessment of melamine and cyanuric acid toxicity in cats.[Pubmed: 17998549 ] J Vet Diagn Invest. 2007 Nov;19(6):616-24. The major pet food recall associated with acute renal failure in dogs and cats focused initially on Melamine as the suspect toxicant. In the course of the investigation, cyanuric acid was identified in addition to Melamine in the offending food. The purpose of this study was to characterize the toxicity potential of Melamine, cyanuric acid, and a combination of Melamine and cyanuric acid in cats. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this pilot study, Melamine was added to the diet of 2 cats at 0.5% and 1%, respectively. Cyanuric acid was added to the diet of 1 cat at increasing doses of 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% over the course of 10 days. Melamine and cyanuric acid were administered together at 0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% to 1 cat per dose group. No effect on renal function was observed in cats fed with Melamine or cyanuric acid alone. Cats dosed with a combination were euthanized at 48 hours after dosing because of acute renal failure. Urine and touch impressions of kidneys from all cats dosed with the combination revealed the presence of fan-shaped, birefringent crystals. Histopathologic findings were limited to the kidneys and included crystals primarily within tubules of the distal nephron, severe renal interstitial edema, and hemorrhage at the corticomedullary junction. The kidneys contained estimated Melamine concentrations of 496 to 734 mg/kg wet weight and estimated cyanuric acid concentrations of 487 to 690 mg/kg wet weight. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that the combination of Melamine and cyanuric acid is responsible for acute renal failure in cats.

Preparing Stock Solutions of Melamine

	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	20 mg	25 mg
1 mM	7.929 mL	39.6448 mL	79.2896 mL	158.5791 mL	198.2239 mL
5 mM	1.5858 mL	7.929 mL	15.8579 mL	31.7158 mL	39.6448 mL
10 mM	0.7929 mL	3.9645 mL	7.929 mL	15.8579 mL	19.8224 mL
50 mM	0.1586 mL	0.7929 mL	1.5858 mL	3.1716 mL	3.9645 mL
100 mM	0.0793 mL	0.3964 mL	0.7929 mL	1.5858 mL	1.9822 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

References on Melamine

On-site detection of sub-mg/kg melamine mixed in powdered infant formula and chocolate using sharp-edged gold nanostar substrates.[Pubmed:29727263]

Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2018 Jun;35(6):1017-1026.

We report a facile method for sample preparation and sensitive on-site detection of Melamine in powdered infant formula and chocolate using Raman spectroscopy on sharp-edged gold nanostars (AuNSs). The aggregation of AuNSs by sodium chloride (1.2 M) facilitates the more sensitive detection of Melamine in comparison with spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Density functional theory quantum mechanical calculations were performed to determine the energetic stability on gold cluster atoms. Our spectroscopic data indicated that AuNSs are an efficient platform for detecting Melamine in food mixtures. The detection limits of Melamine in powdered infant formula and chocolate were found to be ~0.1 mg/kg and ~1 mg/kg, respectively, on AuNPs, whereas they were observed to be ~0.01 mg/kg and ~0.1 mg/kg, respectively, on AuNSs. Using a handheld Raman spectrometer, a sub-mg/kg detection of Melamine in both powdered infant formula and chocolate could be achieved within a few minutes.

In situ synthesis of g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction nanocomposites as a highly active photocatalyst for the degradation of Orange II under visible light irradiation.[Pubmed:29725923]

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Jul;25(19):19122-19133.

As a highly active photocatalyst, g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction nanocomposites were in situ synthesized by simple ultrasonic mixing and calcination by using TiO2 and Melamine as precursors. The morphology and structure of the prepared photocatalysts were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities of g-C3N4/TiO2 nanocomposites to degrade Orange II (AO7) under visible light irradiation were evaluated. Results showed that the photocatalytic rate of the prepared g-C3N4/TiO2 photocatalyst to degrade AO7 was about three times than that of pristine TiO2 and g-C3N4. The g-C3N4/TiO2 composite with a ratio of 1:4 had the highest degradation efficiency for AO7 solution. Its degradation efficiency under acidic conditions was significantly higher than that under alkaline conditions. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the formation of heterojunctions between g-C3N4 and TiO2, which leads to rapid charge transfer and the efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The recycling experiment indicated that the photocatalyst of g-C3N4/TiO2 nanocomposites still maintained good photochemical stability and recyclability after five cycles; this finding was important for its practical applications. A series of free radical trapping experiments showed that *O2(-) played a crucial role in the degradation of AO7. Graphical Abstract .

Rapid, On-Site, Ultrasensitive Melamine Quantitation Method for Protein Beverages Using Time-Resolved Fluorescence Detection Paper.[Pubmed:29719144]

J Agric Food Chem. 2018 Jun 6;66(22):5671-5676.

To ensure protein beverage safety and prevent illegal Melamine use to artificially increase protein content, a rapid, on-site, ultrasensitive detection method for Melamine must be developed because Melamine is detrimental to human health. Herein, an ultrasensitive time-resolved fluorescence detection paper (TFDP) was developed to detect Melamine in protein beverages within 15 min using a one-step sample preparation. The lower limits of detection were 0.89, 0.94, and 1.05 ng/mL, and the linear ranges were 2.67-150, 2.82-150, and 3.15-150 ng/mL (R(2) > 0.982) for peanut, walnut, and coconut beverages, respectively. The recovery rates were 85.86-110.60% with a coefficient of variation <7.80% in the spiking experiment. A high specificity was observed in the interferent experiment. When detecting real protein beverage samples, the TFDP and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) results were consistent. This method is a promising alternative for rapid, on-site detection of Melamine in beverages.

A New Synthesis Approach for Carbon Nitrides: Poly(triazine imide) and Its Photocatalytic Properties.[Pubmed:29732448]

ACS Omega. 2018 Apr 30;3(4):3892-3900.

Poly(triazine imide) (PTI) is a material belonging to the group of carbon nitrides and has shown to have competitive properties compared to melon or g-C3N4, especially in photocatalysis. As most of the carbon nitrides, PTI is usually synthesized by thermal or hydrothermal approaches. We present and discuss an alternative synthesis for PTI which exhibits a pH-dependent solubility in aqueous solutions. This synthesis is based on the formation of radicals during electrolysis of an aqueous Melamine solution, coupling of resulting Melamine radicals and the final formation of PTI. We applied different characterization techniques to identify PTI as the product of this reaction and report the first liquid state NMR experiments on a triazine-based carbon nitride. We show that PTI has a relatively high specific surface area and a pH-dependent adsorption of charged molecules. This tunable adsorption has a significant influence on the photocatalytic properties of PTI, which we investigated in dye degradation experiments.

Detection of melamine in milk powder using MCT-based short-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system.[Pubmed:29718763]

Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2018 Jun;35(6):1027-1037.

Extensive research has been conducted on non-destructive and rapid detection of Melamine in powdered foods in the last decade. While Raman and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging techniques have been successful in terms of non-destructive and rapid measurement, they have limitations with respect to measurement time and detection capability, respectively. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a mercury cadmium telluride (MCT)-based short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging system and algorithm to detect Melamine quantitatively in milk powder. The SWIR hyperspectral imaging system consisted of a custom-designed illumination system, a SWIR hyperspectral camera, a data acquisition module and a sample transfer table. SWIR hyperspectral images were obtained for Melamine-milk samples with different Melamine concentrations, pure Melamine and pure milk powder. Analysis of variance and the partial least squares regression method over the 1000-2500 nm wavelength region were used to develop an optimal model for detection. The results showed that a Melamine concentration as low as 50 ppm in Melamine-milk powder samples could be detected. Thus, the MCT-based SWIR hyperspectral imaging system has the potential for quantitative and qualitative detection of adulterants in powder samples.

Assembly of Hollow Carbon Nanospheres on Graphene Nanosheets and Creation of Iron-Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon for Oxygen Reduction.[Pubmed:29722961]

ACS Nano. 2018 May 22.

Triblock copolymer micelles coated with Melamine-formaldehyde resin were self-assembled into closely packed two-dimensional (2D) arrangements on the surface of graphene oxide sheets. Carbonizing these structures created a 2D architecture composed of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sandwiched between two monolayers of sub-40 nm diameter hollow nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres (N-HCNS). Electrochemical tests showed that these hybrid structures had better performance for oxygen reduction compared to physically mixed rGO and N-HCNS that were not chemically bonded together. Further impregnation of the sandwich structures with iron (Fe) species followed by carbonization yielded Fe1.6-N-HCNS/rGO-900 with a high specific surface area (968.3 m(2) g(-1)), a high nitrogen doping (6.5 at%), and uniformly distributed Fe dopant (1.6 wt %). X-ray absorption fine structure analyses showed that most of the Fe in the nitrogen-doped carbon framework is composed of single Fe atoms each coordinated to four N atoms. The best Fe1.6-N-HCNS/rGO-900 catalyst performed better in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction than 20 wt % Pt/C catalyst in alkaline medium, with a more positive half-wave potential of 0.872 V and the same limiting current density. Bottom-up soft-patterning of regular carbon arrays on free-standing 2D surfaces should enable conductive carbon supports that boost the performance of electrocatalytic active sites.

Fluorescence detection of melamine based on inhibiting Cu(2+)-induced disaggregation of red-emitting silver nanoclusters.[Pubmed:29742485]

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2018 Aug 5;201:112-118.

Herein, we report a facile method to synthesize red-emitting, water-soluble Ag nanoclusters (Ag NCs) employing lipoic acid as a stabilizing agent. The Ag NCs show aggregation-induced emission property and have good stability and optical properties. Cu(2+) can disperse the aggregated Ag NCs, accompanied by the quenching of fluorescence. However, the formed Cu(2+)-Melamine complex by the coordination chemistry between free copper ion and Melamine is able to effectively avoid the quenching process of Cu(2+) to the Ag NCs. Hence, the Ag NCs can be applied to design a novel fluorescent probe based on this property to detect Melamine. In the determination of Melamine, the as-prepared fluorescent Ag NCs exhibit favorable sensitivity and high selectivity. The limit of detection (LOD) down to 0.022mg/L and good recoveries of real sample experiments were obtained. This fluorescent probe is proved to be convenient and rapid for detecting Melamine, with potential application to trace Melamine analysis in complicated samples.

Rapid and selective DNA-based detection of melamine using alpha-hemolysin nanopores.[Pubmed:29701202]

Analyst. 2018 May 15;143(10):2411-2415.

We have developed a rapid and selective approach for the detection of Melamine based on simple DNA probes and alpha-hemolysin nanopores. The limit of detection can be as low as 10 pM.

Description

Melamine is a metabolite of cyromazine. Melamine is a intermediate for the synthesis of melamine resin and plastic materials.

Keywords:

Melamine,108-78-1,Natural Products, buy Melamine , Melamine supplier , purchase Melamine , Melamine cost , Melamine manufacturer , order Melamine , high purity Melamine