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Keywords
- Thymidine
- 50-89-5
- standard supplier in China
Quick Details
- ProName: Thymidine
- CasNo: 50-89-5
- Molecular Formula: C10H14N2O5
- Appearance: detailed see specifications
- Application: analysis,activity test,Botanical Refer...
- DeliveryTime: 1-3?working?days?after?confirming?the?...
- PackAge: According to the clients requirement.
- Port: China main port
- ProductionCapacity: 1 Metric Ton/Day
- Purity: ≥98%
- Storage: Store at 2~8°C
- Transportation: by air or by ocean shipping
- LimitNum: 10 Milligram
- Plant of Origin: Chinese herbal medicine
- Testing Method: NMR/MS/HPLC
- Product Ecification: 1mg-1kg
- Heavy Metal: <10ppm
- Voluntary Standards: company standard
- Storage: Brown vial HDPE plastic bottle
Superiority
Hubei CuiRan Biotechnology Co., Ltd is a leading company in the research, development, manufacture and marketing of High Quality Phytochemicals and Extracts(especially Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine，Traditional Chinese Medicine), Natural Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients worldwide. From small quantities for R&D or reference standard, to large quantities for customizing or manufacturing, Biopurify emphasizes on consistent and reliable services for his customers.
With excellent quality products and good service, we have clients from more than dozens countries and regions, and we pride ourselves in providing our customers with a total satisfaction experiences.
We are doing our best to be your reliable partner for high quality Phytochemicals and Reference Standards from china.
Our main services:
A. Supply active ingredients and reference standards ofTraditional Chinese Medicine, from mgs to kgs scale.
B. Custom extraction and purification, target Herb Active Ingredients
C. Custom synthesis and semi-synthesis for Natural Active Ingredients
D. CR, CM and PD services from lab scale, pilot scale to commercial scale(GMP is also available)
E.Traditional Chinese Medicine compounds library
1.Provide traditional Chinese medicine reference materials and natural active ingredients;
2.More than 2200 compounds are available for selection, continuously building high-quality natural product libraries for drug research and development;
3.Provide various screening libraries and more inhibitor products;
4.Provide separation and structural determination of natural products;
5.Laboratory scale pilot to commercial scale collaborative research and process development services.More than 180 experiences in phytochemistry (still increasing)
Each product has passed very strict testing (NMR/MS/HPLC)
Agents from many countries
General tips：For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging：1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition：Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.
Details
Chemical Properties of Thymidine
| Cas No. | 50-89-5 | ||
| PubChem ID | 1134 | Appearance | Powder |
| Formula | C10H14N2O5 | M.Wt | 242.2 |
| Type of Compound | Alkaloids | Storage | Desiccate at -20°C |
| Solubility | DMSO : 50 mg/mL (206.42 mM; Need ultrasonic) H2O : 33.33 mg/mL (137.60 mM; Need ultrasonic) |
||
| Chemical Name | 1-[4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-dione | ||
| SMILES | CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)C2CC(C(O2)CO)O | ||
| Standard InChIKey | IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N | ||
| Standard InChI | InChI=1S/C10H14N2O5/c1-5-3-12(10(16)11-9(5)15)8-2-6(14)7(4-13)17-8/h3,6-8,13-14H,2,4H2,1H3,(H,11,15,16) | ||
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months. Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it. |
||
| About Packaging | 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. 2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial. 3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment. |
||
| Shipping Condition | Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request. | ||
Source of Thymidine
The Cordyceps sinensis
Biological Activity of Thymidine
| Description | Thymidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside that is composed of the pyrimidine base thymine attached to the sugar deoxyribose. As a constituent of DNA, thymidine pairs with adenine in the DNA double helix. Thymidine could be a tracer in tumor cell examin. Thymidine overload due to Thymidine phosphorylase deficiency, and mitochondrial toxicity caused by antiviral Thymidine analogues. |
| Targets | DNA/RNA Synthesis |
| In vitro |
In vitro assessment of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose, L-methionine and thymidine as agents to monitor the early response of a human adenocarcinoma cell line to radiotherapy.[Pubmed: 8478710] J Nucl Med. 1993 May;34(5):773-9.
|
Protocol of Thymidine
| Kinase Assay |
Thymidine kinase 2 enzyme kinetics elucidate the mechanism of thymidine-induced mitochondrial DNA depletion.[Pubmed: 25215937] Biochemistry. 2014 Oct 7;53(39):6142-50. Mitochondrial Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) is a nuclear gene-encoded protein, synthesized in the cytosol and subsequently translocated into the mitochondrial matrix, where it catalyzes the phosphorylation of Thymidine (dT) and deoxycytidine (dC). The kinetics of Thymidine phosphorylation exhibits negative cooperativity, but dC phosphorylation follows hyperbolic Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The two substrates compete with each other in that Thymidine is a competitive inhibitor of dC phosphorylation, while dC acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of Thymidine phosphorylation. In addition, TK2 is feedback inhibited by dTTP and dCTP. Thymidine kinase 2 also phosphorylates a number of pyrimidine nucleoside analogues used in antiviral and anticancer therapy and thus plays an important role in mitochondrial toxicities caused by nucleoside analogues. Deficiency in Thymidine kinase 2 activity due to genetic alterations causes devastating mitochondrial diseases, which are characterized by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion or multiple deletions in the affected tissues. Severe Thymidine kinase 2 deficiency is associated with early-onset fatal mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, while less severe deficiencies result in late-onset phenotypes. |
Preparing Stock Solutions of Thymidine
| 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 20 mg | 25 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1288 mL | 20.6441 mL | 41.2882 mL | 82.5764 mL | 103.2205 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8258 mL | 4.1288 mL | 8.2576 mL | 16.5153 mL | 20.6441 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.4129 mL | 2.0644 mL | 4.1288 mL | 8.2576 mL | 10.322 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.0826 mL | 0.4129 mL | 0.8258 mL | 1.6515 mL | 2.0644 mL |
| 100 mM | 0.0413 mL | 0.2064 mL | 0.4129 mL | 0.8258 mL | 1.0322 mL |
| * Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations. | |||||
References on Thymidine
In vitro assessment of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose, L-methionine and thymidine as agents to monitor the early response of a human adenocarcinoma cell line to radiotherapy.[Pubmed:8478710]
J Nucl Med. 1993 May;34(5):773-9.
The tumor cell uptake of three tracers that can be labeled with isotopes suitable for PET imaging--FDG, L-methionine and Thymidine--were examined in vitro in a human ovarian carcinoma cell line (HTB77IP3) at varying times following 30 Gy 60Co irradiation and were compared to a nonirradiated control group. FDG, methionine and Thymidine uptake per tissue culture well all increased following irradiation when compared to basal values, although to a much lower extent than the increases in uptake seen in a nonirradiated group. This increase in tracer uptake occurred despite a 6.25-fold decline in viable cell numbers. When examined per cell, FDG uptake per cell increased 9.77-fold, methionine 7.82-fold and Thymidine 9.48-fold over basal levels from Day 0 to Day 12 following irradiation. Part of these increases may be due to giant cell formation and/or radiation repair processes that require energy, protein and DNA substrates. While the in vitro system differs from in vivo systems due to the absence of a blood supply in vitro, a lack of infiltrating leukocytes and other factors, our data suggest that early assessment of human adenocarcinoma response to radiotherapy by PET with these tracers may be complicated by this normal increase in tracer uptake postirradiation. Clearly, in this human cancer cell line, early radiation-induced cell death is not associated with an early decline in tumor cell uptake of FDG, methionine or Thymidine.
Thymidine kinase 2 enzyme kinetics elucidate the mechanism of thymidine-induced mitochondrial DNA depletion.[Pubmed:25215937]
Biochemistry. 2014 Oct 7;53(39):6142-50.
Mitochondrial Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) is a nuclear gene-encoded protein, synthesized in the cytosol and subsequently translocated into the mitochondrial matrix, where it catalyzes the phosphorylation of Thymidine (dT) and deoxycytidine (dC). The kinetics of dT phosphorylation exhibits negative cooperativity, but dC phosphorylation follows hyperbolic Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The two substrates compete with each other in that dT is a competitive inhibitor of dC phosphorylation, while dC acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of dT phosphorylation. In addition, TK2 is feedback inhibited by dTTP and dCTP. TK2 also phosphorylates a number of pyrimidine nucleoside analogues used in antiviral and anticancer therapy and thus plays an important role in mitochondrial toxicities caused by nucleoside analogues. Deficiency in TK2 activity due to genetic alterations causes devastating mitochondrial diseases, which are characterized by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion or multiple deletions in the affected tissues. Severe TK2 deficiency is associated with early-onset fatal mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, while less severe deficiencies result in late-onset phenotypes. In this review, studies of the enzyme kinetic behavior of TK2 enzyme variants are used to explain the mechanism of mtDNA depletion caused by TK2 mutations, Thymidine overload due to Thymidine phosphorylase deficiency, and mitochondrial toxicity caused by antiviral Thymidine analogues.
Description
Thymidine, a specific precursor of deoxyribonucleic acid, is used as a cell synchronizing agent. Thymidine is a DNA synthesis inhibitor that can arrest cell at G1/S boundary, prior to DNA replication.
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