Danshensu CAS NO.76822-21-4

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General tips：For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging：1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
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Chemical Properties of Danshensu

Protocol

Animal Administration [1]
All chemicals are dissolved in saline, except for tolcapone which is dissolved in saline containing 20% (v/v) PEG 200. During experiments, rats are fasted overnight and randomLy assigned into different groups. About 200 µL blood is taken from orbital sinus alternatively after ethyl ether anaesthesia, and then the eye is quickly sterilized with alcohol and pressed with cotton. Blood samples are immediately collected into a polypropylene tube containing heparin-Na and centrifuged at 5000 g at 5°C for 3 min. Prepared plasma samples are kept at −20°C and analysed within 48 h.

References:
[1]. YG Cao, et al. Beneficial effects of danshensu, an active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, on homocysteine metabolism via the trans-sulphuration pathway in rats. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Jun; 157(3): 482–490. [2]. Yu J, et al. Danshensu protects isolated heart against ischemia reperfusion injury through activation of Akt/ERK1/2/Nrf2 signaling. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015 Sep 15;8(9):14793-804.

Preparing Stock Solutions of Danshensu

References on Danshensu

Multiple on-line screening and identification methods for hydroxyl radical scavengers in Yudanshen.[Pubmed:29730337]

J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2018 Jul 15;156:278-283.

Yudanshen, the genuine medicinal materials of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Although its pharmacological and antioxidative activities have been well-documented, there is little research on the hydroxyl radical (OH) scavenging capacity of Yudanshen. In this study, we established multiple on-line high-performance liquid chromatography- chemiluminescence detector-diode-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-CL-DAD-Q-TOF/MS) methods to rapidly screen and identify the OH scavengers in Yudanshen simultaneously. The chromatographic and potency fingerprints revealed seventeen peaks that showed the inhibition of OH. Fourteen of them were identified as Danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, salvianolic acid F, salvianolic acid H/L, salvianolic acid G, salvianolic acid D, salvianolic acid E, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, isosalvianolic acid B, salvianolic acid A, and salvianolic acid C. This study explores the OH scavenging activities of Yudanshen, and provides novel and powerful multiple on-line methods in the field of TCM for rapid screening and identification of OH scavengers.

Inhibitory effects of Danhong Injection and its major constituents on human cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro.[Pubmed:29578591]

Biomed Chromatogr. 2018 Aug;32(8):e4250.

Danhong Injection (DHI) as a Chinese patent medicine is mainly used to treat ischemic encephalopathy and coronary heart disease in combination with other chemotherapy. However, the information on DHI's potential drug interactions is limited. The goal of this work was to examine the potential P450-mediated metabolism drug interaction arising from DHI and its active components. The results showed that DHI inhibited CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP2E1 and CYP2C9 with IC50 values of 1.26, 1.42, 1.63, 1.10 and 1.67% (v/v), respectively. Danshensu and rosmarinic acid inhibited CYP2E1 and CYP2C9 with IC50 values of 36.63 and 75.76 mum, and 34.42 and 76.89 mum, respectively. Salvianolic acid A and B inhibited CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP2C9 with IC50 values of 33.79, 21.64 and 31.94 mum, and 45.47, 13.52 and 24.15 mum, respectively. The study provides some useful information for safe and effective use of DHI in clinical practice.

Rapid Screening and Quantitative Determination of Active Components in Qing-Hua-Yu-Re-Formula Using UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS and HPLC-UV.[Pubmed:29713560]

J Anal Methods Chem. 2018 Mar 11;2018:8535127.

Qing-Hua-Yu-Re-Formula (QHYRF), a new herbal preparation, has been extensively used for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the chemical constituents of QHYRF remain uninvestigated. In the present study, rapid ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was used to qualitatively analyze the components of QHYRF. Qualitative detection was performed on a Kromasil C18 column through the gradient elution mode, using acetonitrile-water containing 0.1% formic acid. Twenty-seven compounds were identified or tentatively characterized, including 12 phenolic acids, nine monoterpene glycosides, two flavonoids, three iridoids, and one unknown compound. Among these, six compounds were confirmed by comparing with standards. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to simultaneously determine the following six active components in QHYRF: Danshensu, paeoniflorin, acteoside, lithospermic acid, salvianolic acid B, and salvianolic acid C. These HPLC chromatograms were monitored at 254, 280, and 320 nm. The method was well validated with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, stability, and recovery. The HPLC-UV method was successfully applied to 10 batches of QHYRF.

Salvia miltiorrhizaBurge (Danshen): a golden herbal medicine in cardiovascular therapeutics.[Pubmed:29698387]

Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2018 May;39(5):802-824.

Salvia miltiorrhiza Burge (Danshen) is an eminent medicinal herb that possesses broad cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective actions and has been used in Asian countries for many centuries. Accumulating evidence suggests that Danshen and its components prevent vascular diseases, in particular, atherosclerosis and cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. The published literature indicates that lipophilic constituents (tanshinone I, tanshinone IIa, tanshinone IIb, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone, etc) as well as hydrophilic constituents (Danshensu, salvianolic acid A and B, protocatechuic aldehyde, etc) contribute to the cardiovascular protective actions of Danshen, suggesting a potential synergism among these constituents. Herein, we provide a systematic up-to-date review on the cardiovascular actions and therapeutic potential of major pharmacologically active constituents of Danshen. These bioactive compounds will serve as excellent drug candidates in small-molecule cardiovascular drug discovery. This article also provides a scientific rationale for understanding the traditional use of Danshen in cardiovascular therapeutics.

Tanshinol borneol ester on nanostructured lipid carriers has longer brain and systemic effector retention and better antioxidant activity in vivo.[Pubmed:29695905]

Int J Nanomedicine. 2018 Apr 12;13:2265-2274.

Background: Tanshinol borneol ester (DBZ) is a hybrid of Danshensu (DSS) and borneol and has anti-ischemic activity in animals. However, its low water solubility and short half-life limit its clinical application. Methods: We prepared polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified and DBZ-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DBZ-PEG-NLC) and DBZ-NLC, and examined their physical characteristics, such as particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and drug loading. The in vitro stability and pharmacokinetics in rats as well as antioxidant activity of DBZ-PEG-NLC and DBZ-NLC in a C57BL/6 mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion-related brain injury were investigated. The levels of DBZ and its hydrolyzed DSS in rat plasma and brain microdialysates were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy analysis. Results: We found that the mean particle size and entrapment efficacy of DBZ-PEG-NLC were similar to that of DBZ-NLC. The DBZ-PEG-NLC, like DBZ-NLC, released DBZ in a biphasic manner with initially burst release and then prolonged slow release in vitro. Intravenous injection of DBZ-PEG-NLC resulted in significantly higher levels and longer retention periods of DBZ and DSS in plasma and the brains than DBZ-NLC and DBZ in rats. Finally, treatment with DBZ-PEG-NLC achieved a better antioxidant activity than DBZ or DBZ-NLC in mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion by reducing the levels of brain malondialdehyde, but increasing the levels of brain superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Conclusion: DBZ-PEG-NLC is a preferable option to deliver DBZ for sustainable release of DSS and borneol in vivo, and may serve as a promising drug for effective therapy of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Description

Danshensu, an active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza, shows wide cardiovascular benefit by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Keywords:

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